Giza Piramitleri
- Yazar: Metin ÖZDEMİR
- 6 Mayıs 2025
- 436 kez okundu
Giza Piramitleri
Giza Piramitleri, Antik Mısır uygarlığının en ünlü ve etkileyici yapılarındandır. Kahire’nin yaklaşık 20 kilometre güneybatısında, Giza Platosu’nda yer alırlar. Üç büyük piramitten oluşur: Keops (Khufu), Kefren (Khafre) ve Mikerinos (Menkaure) piramitleri.
Ünlü Giza Piramitleri, firavunların ölümden sonraki hayatlarında kullanılmak üzere mezar olarak yapılmıştır. Piramitler, firavunların sonsuz yaşamına ve tanrısal güçlerine olan inancın bir simgesi olarak kabul edilmiştir.
1. Keops Piramidi (Büyük Piramit)
M.Ö. yaklaşık 2560 yıllarında yapılmıştır.
Firavun: Khufu (Yunan kaynaklarında Cheops)
Başlangıçta yaklaşık 146.6 metre, günümüzde 138.8 metredir. Dünyanın yedi harikasından günümüze ulaşan tek yapıdır.
Yapımında kullanılan taşlar: 2.3 milyon civarında kireçtaşı blok kullanıldığı tahmin ediliyor. Her bir blok ortalama 2.5 ton ağırlığında.
İç yapısında giriş koridoru, büyük galeri, kraliçe odası, kral odası ve havalandırma kanalları bulunur.
2. Kefren Piramidi
M.Ö. yaklaşık 2532 yıllarında yapılmış.
Firavun: Khafre (Keops’un oğlu) Başlangıçta 143.5 metreydi, şu an yaklaşık 136.4 metre. En iyi korunmuş piramitlerden biridir. Zirvesinde orijinal kaplama taşlarının bir kısmı hâlâ durmaktadır.
Kefren Piramidi’nin hemen önünde Büyük Gize Sfenksi yer alır. Firavun Kefren’i temsil ettiği düşünülür.
3. Mikerinos Piramidi:
Bu piramidin yapım tarihi ise M.Ö. yaklaşık 2490 yıllarıdır.
Firavun: Menkaure
Yaklaşık 65 metredir. (en küçük piramit)
Diğer iki piramide göre daha küçük olmasına rağmen iç yapısı oldukça karmaşıktır. Bazı odaları granit bloklarla kaplıdır. Firavunların mezarı olarak yapılmışlardır. Hâlâ tam olarak bilinmese de; rampalar, kızaklar ve büyük iş gücü kullanıldığı düşünülüyor.
Piramitlerin yönleri kardinal noktalara (kuzey, güney, doğu, batı) tam olarak hizalanmıştır.
UNESCO Dünya Mirası Listesi’nde yer alır ve halen arkeolojik çalışmalar sürmektedir.
Piramitlerin dört ana yönü çok hassas şekilde inşa ediliyor. Bu, yıldızlar ve güneşin konumlarından yararlanılarak yapılmış astronomik bir hizalamayı temsil ediyor.
Piramitlerin içi, karmaşık geçitler ve odalar içeriyor. Odalar genellikle firavunun mezarı, hazineler ve sunaklar için kullanılıyor.
Piramitlerin bulunduğu alanın girişinde ziyaretçiler için atlı fayton ve develer bulunuyor.
Biz gittiğimizde deveye biniş fiyatı 10 dolardı ve yaklaşık gidiş geliş bir saati bulmuştu. Piramitlerin çevresindeki görevlilerin her yardım ettiğinde para istemesi turistler için sıkıntı olsa da bölge Mısır için önemli bir gelir kaynağı.
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Metin ÖZDEMİR
METİN ÖZDEMİR 1979 yılında Bursa'da doğdum. İstanbul Marmara Üniversitesi Atatürk Eğitim Fakültesi Sınıf Öğretmenliği bölümünden 2002'de mezun oldum.Evli ve bir çocuk babasıyım. Eğitime ve kitaplara olan aşkım hiç bitmeyecek. Elimden geldiğince topluma örnek olmayı amaçlıyorum.
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